Document Type : scientific-research article
Authors
Ferdowsi University
Abstract
The relationship between the Kurdish and Arab ethnic groups in Iraq is considered one of the most pivotal and influential ethno-political dynamics within the geopolitical structure of the country and even the broader Southwest Asia region. These relations are shaped by a set of geopolitical factors, the precise identification and understanding of which can facilitate deeper analysis of ethnic interactions and conflicts, and contribute to the development of strategies for managing tensions and enhancing coexistence.
This applied-developmental study employs a descriptive-analytical method with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The primary objective is to identify and prioritize the geopolitical factors influencing Kurdish–Arab relations in Iraq. The research utilizes techniques such as the Delphi method, along with SPSS software and the T-test for data analysis.
Findings indicate that out of 39 identified geopolitical factors extracted from theories and previous studies, 37 were validated by experts and scholars as being relevant in the Iraqi context. Among these, only 17 were identified as the most critical factors affecting Kurdish–Arab relations. These key factors are categorized into six dimensions:Geographical: spatial distribution of ethnic groups;transboundary linkages and connections; geographical positioning of ethnic groups in relation to vital resources.
Socio-cultural: strength of ethnic identity versus national identity; historical memory of ethnic groups; the role of language and religion in shaping ethnic identity; levels of discrimination between ethnic groups.
Economic: access to oil resources; informal economy.
Political: degree of political autonomy or independence of ethnic groups; structure of political power distribution; level of participation of ethnic groups in governance.
Security–military: presence of ethnic armed groups: connections of ethnic groups with foreign actors.
Geopolitical: role of ethnic groups in regional geopolitical developments; link between ethnic and political borders; impact of external power rivalries on ethnic groups. Geographical; Sociology-cultural; Economic; Political ; Security; Geo-strategics; rivalries on the status of ethnic groups.
Keywords
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