Document Type : scientific-research article

Authors

1 Department of Geography/ University of Zanjan

2 Kilometer 6 of Old Tabriz Road, Zanjan University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Geography

3 کیلومتر 6 جاده قدیم تبریز دانشگاه زنجان

Abstract

In the last half century, there have been major changes in the way of thinking about rural development, and attention to the principle of sustainable rural livelihood has been raised in developing countries in order to reduce poverty in rural areas. While in the past, the main focus for rural development and livelihood of villagers was to focus on increasing the productivity of agricultural activities, currently many planners consider the movement of the rural economy towards diverse activities outside the farm as the driving force of rural growth. The current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the challenges and obstacles to off-farm employment in rural areas with a grounded theory approach. The type of research is applied and descriptive-analytical in nature. The collection of data was done in a library and field form using the tools of interview and observation and analyzing them qualitatively using Maxqda software. The statistical population of the research consists of 20 people working in off-farm jobs (industry, services and tourism) living in 4 villages of Samqavor, Vafes, Amreh and Fathabad, the interview duration of each person was 15 minutes on average. The findings of the research show that in the obstacles section, the price increase and the difficulty of obtaining raw materials and parts are the highest with 25.8%, in the existing advantages section, there is a constant need for manufactured products in the market with 27.1%, in the threats section The presence of company products with lower prices in the market with 16.7% and in the section of opportunities available to reduce the price of currency, raw materials and parts with 14.7% had the highest amounts. In the end, the paradigm model of activities in rural agricultural jobs was explained and its causes and conditions, concepts and consequences were investigated.

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